Hacking Underconstrained Circom Circuits With Fake Proofs The operator in Circom can be dangerous because it assigns values to signals but does not constrain them. But how do you actually ~~exploit~~...

Web3.js Example. Latest version 4.x. Transfer, Mint and Query the Blockchain The newest version of web3.js, 4.x, has just been unveiled. In this guide, we’ll delve into integrating web3.js into HTML...

Uniswap V2: Calculating the Settlement Price of an AMM Swap This article explains how to determine the price settlement of a trading pair in an Automated Market Maker (AMM). It answers the question...

Getting a smart contract audit: what you need to know A smart contract audit is a review by blockchain security experts to ensure that users will not lose funds due to a malfunction or security...

R1CS to Quadratic Arithmetic Program over a Finite Field in Python To make the transformation from R1CS to QAP less abstract, let’s use a real example. Let’s say we are encoding the arithmetic...

What makes blockchain immutable? Note: This article is intended to be understandable by non-technical readers, to gain a very technical understanding, refer to our blockchain bootcamp after reading...

Uint256 max value The uint256 max value can be obtained with which is or 2²⁵⁶-1. But it's cleaner and safer to use . The same can be used for signed integer types The math behind maximum values in...

ZK-addition-dapp with Noir and Nextjs !ZK Dapp Game built with Noir and Next.js We will demonstrate a step-by-step exploration of a basic zk-dapp designed for verifying additions. This application...

Zero knowledge programming languages !Zero knowledge proof moon math Zero knowledge proof moon math Zero knowledge proofs demonstrate you executed a computation correctly without revealing the inputs...